The future of pest control and the pesticides industry
نویسنده
چکیده
The pesticides industry needs to look differently from the existing basis that toxic materials are required in order to eliminate pests and weeds from food crops. New generation of pesticides will be motivated by a knowledge of metabolic pathways. The article reviews the effectiveness of several classes of natural pest control agents such as: pheromones, allelopathic chemicals, toxicants from tropical and desert plants, naturally occurring hormonal agents from insects and plants, microbial agents, plant growth regulators, and natural products as inducers of insect resistance. The word 'Pesticides' is a broad term which covers a large number of more accurate names such as: Insecbicides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Rodenticides, Miticides, Algicides, Nematicides etc. The term pesticides also applies to compounds used as repellants, attractants and insects sterilants or chemosterilants. Pesticides are classed as 'economic poisons' and are defined as "any substance used for controlling, preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pests". A group of chemicals are included in the word pesticides that do not actually kill pests but due to the fact that they fit into the broader umbrella of pesticides in a practical sense. Among these are chemical compounds that stimulate or retard growth of plants and sometimes insects growth regulators, those that remove leaves, defoliants or speed the drying of plants, desiccants and are used for mechanizing the work in harvesting cotton, soybeans, potatoes and other crops. THE WORLD PESTICIDE MARKETS The world pesticides sales are estimated at the user's level to be about $ 13.8 billion, in the year 1985. Looking ahead 5 years the experts are predicting sales of $15.7 billion, a rise in sales of $2 billion. A survey conducted by a journal of agrichemicals reveals that, on an average 9% of sales are being returned to research and development. INSECTICIDES Table 1 The World Pesticide I Markets (md. USA) (User's Level) I (Million of US 1984 Dollars) —j____________________
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